Notes

13 Property, plant and equipment

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CHANGES IN PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT IN THE PERIOD JANUARY 1 TO DECEMBER 31, 2022
€ million	Land, land rights and buildings, including buildings on third-party land	Technical equipment and machinery	Other equipment, operating and office equipment	Payments on account and assets under construction	Total

Cost Balance at Jan. 1, 2022	48,281	52,144	88,111	7,645	196,181
Foreign exchange differences	158	314	697	70	1,240
Changes in consolidated Group	18	10	27	21	77
Additions	2,065	1,240	2,858	6,698	12,861
Transfers	1,117	1,702	1,489	−4,373	−65
Classified as held for sale	21	39	−14	0	45
Disposals	830	1,439	1,985	71	4,325
Balance at Dec. 31, 2022	50,789	53,934	91,212	9,991	205,925
Amortization and impairment Balance at Jan. 1, 2022	21,083	40,103	71,296	4	132,486
Foreign exchange differences	83	270	592	0	945
Changes in consolidated Group	−48	34	12	0	−2
Additions to cumulative amortization	2,250	3,175	6,379	–	11,804
Additions to cumulative impairment losses	154	132	132	6	425
Transfers	13	8	−17	0	4
Classified as held for sale	9	9	−2	–	16
Disposals	426	1,336	1,823	−3	3,583
Reversal of impairment losses	16	1	8	3	29
Balance at Dec. 31, 2022	23,083	42,377	76,565	10	142,035
Carrying amount at Dec. 31, 2022	27,705	11,557	14,647	9,981	63,890

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CHANGES IN PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT
IN THE PERIOD JANUARY 1 TO DECEMBER 31, 2021
€ million	Land, land rights and buildings, including buildings on third-party land	Technical equipment and machinery	Other equipment, operating and office equipment	Payments on account and assets under construction	Total

Cost Balance at Jan. 1, 2021	45,151	49,822	84,389	7,766	187,129
Foreign exchange differences	674	857	1,124	128	2,783
Changes in consolidated Group	271	80	8	212	571
Additions	1,874	1,159	3,454	4,246	10,733
Transfers	1,144	1,745	1,694	–4,623	–39
Classified as held for sale	78	226	139	26	469
Disposals	756	1,293	2,420	58	4,527
Balance at Dec. 31, 2021	48,281	52,144	88,111	7,645	196,181
Amortization and impairment Balance at Jan. 1, 2021	19,142	37,665	66,408	30	123,245
Foreign exchange differences	252	634	912	4	1,802
Changes in consolidated Group	–200	–129	–116	–1	–447
Additions to cumulative amortization	2,164	3,242	6,464	–	11,870
Additions to cumulative impairment losses	102	85	19	5	211
Transfers	56	–21	1	–31	5
Classified as held for sale	38	138	97	–	273
Disposals	382	1,231	2,288	2	3,903
Reversal of impairment losses	13	4	7	2	26
Balance at Dec. 31, 2021	21,083	40,103	71,296	4	132,486
Carrying amount at Dec. 31, 2021	27,199	12,041	16,814	7,641	63,695

Government grants of €299 million (previous year: €328 million) were deducted from the cost of property, plant and equipment.

In connection with land and buildings, real property liens of €1,517 million (previous year: €1,528 million) are pledged as collateral for partial retirement obligations, financial liabilities and other liabilities.